Understanding Respiratory & Breathing Piece of Man

Human respiration is an important part of human life. Whether the definition of the respiratory and whatever the shape and type of breathing in humans? Definition of breathing is to expand and collapse of the lungs on a regular basis due to the events of the entry of air containing acidic substances [O 2 ] into the lungs and the discharge of air containing CO 2 , water vapor and the remnants of the oxidation of the lungs.Human breath can also be termed as respiration.

In the human respiratory system, there are several term or terms of breathing, which are as follows:

• Respiration is breathing is comprised of inspiration and expiration.
• Inspiration is the act or attempt to get air into the lungs.
• Expiration is the act or attempts  someone outside air into the lungs.
• External respiration is the act of replacing the covers of air into the lungs which consist of sucking oxygen (O 2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO 2 .)
• Internal respiration or also known as tissue respiration that is covering the use of oxygen by the cells of the body to produce heat through oxidation and energy dissipation and the food was eaten.

Any tools or organ that helps to breathe in humans?

Tools or organ that helps to breathe human being to be able to breathe well, healthy and perfect, among others:

• diaphragm muscle
• Muscles of the chest cavity
• Abdominal wall muscles
• Muscles space between the ribs

Normal human respiration speed at each age or age

• In infants are 30 to 40 times per minute
• In children is 20 to 30 times per minute
• Adults are 16 to 20 times per minute
• The old man is 14 to 16 times per minute

How to calculate respiration 

 

To calculate a person is to put a hand on the abdomen (can also pay attention to one's stomach without having to put on the belly), then have a clock or watch or stopwatch. Calculate someone breathing for 1 minute. One breath is one of inspiration and one expiration.

 

Various kinds of respiration in humans

 

According to its location respiratory divided into two:

• Costa chest or respiratory called respiration, and
• Abdominal breathing or known as abdominal respiration.

Meanwhile, according to the circumstances, then breathing in humans is divided into:

• Copra respiratory or breathing normally
• Dyspnoea breathing or shortness of breath
• Kussmaul respiratory or breathing long and slow
• Respiratory apnea or stopped breathing (not breathing)
• Respiratory stridor or respiratory sounds
• Oligonol respiratory or breathing slower than normal
• Orthopnoe breathing or breathing very crowded
• Hyperpnoea respiratory or breathing faster than normal
• Cheyne-Stokes respiration is respiratory apnea periods are followed by dyspnea

That understanding and kinds of breathing in humans, as well as the size of a normal human respiration, is based on a person's age

Bronchial Asthma, Causes and Treatment

What was bronchial asthma, what causes and how to care and treatment? Definition of bronchial asthma is a disease of the respiratory human form the lining of the bronchus disorder that can cause shortness of breath or trouble breathing.

What is the cause of bronchial asthma?

Bronchial asthma can be caused by various factors, including the following:

• Extrinsic factors are for their allergen (materials, objects or other substances causing allergic) to many different forms, namely:

1. Inhalants: through inhalation as dust, feathers and more.
2. Ingestan: through food such as fish that are allergen specific sea
3. Contacts: through direct contact with an object / person is exposed to allergen substances.

• Intrinsic factors, asthma is caused not because of the substance or object causing allergens but is caused due to inflammation or infection in the body.
• The psychological factor is a causative factor in terms of psychological or psychiatric eg, irritability, emotional, was having a lot of problems that can cause bronchial asthma.
• Factors causing the descent, it is a cause that is because there is one family member who suffers from asthma. Parents of asthmatic children may also be suffering from asthma.

Signs and symptoms of bronchial asthma

The followings are the signs and symptoms of bronchial asthma, which are as follows:

• Shortness of breath and breath sounds when expiratory (exhaling)
• Coughs
• Often sweat
• Egoistic to sign them want to be noticed.
• Decreased appetite.
• Mucus or phlegm
• Being emotional or irritable
• Easy to despair
• The body becomes weaker and less power.
• Diagnostic asthma certainly could have done with thoracic examination in health centers or hospitals

How to care and treatment of bronchial asthma?

If you suffer from bronchial asthma signs and symptoms above, immediately contact your doctor or go to the health service to get the care and treatment of asthma by medical professionals. Asthma treatment is medical can be done by a specialist in that field.

Here are tips on maintenance you can do yourself at home for treating bronchial asthma or their family.

• Make a break with enough to keep your composure.
• To reduce shortness of breath, try to make your bed lay a half-sitting posture. You can make it by putting a pillow behind your back so that your sleeping position is half-sitting.
• Reduce your cough by drinking anti-cough medication given by doctors.
• Try to keep the mucous in the airways is reduced by taking medicines given by the doctor or you can drink warm water so as to facilitate your mucus out so that the airway is clear and does not trigger a cough.
• Keep yourself from getting dehydrated or less liquid. This is helpful so you do not dry throat so as to reduce coughing.
• Meet a psychological expert to get mental guidance to keep you emotionally that can trigger asthma symptoms become more severe.
• Perform routine treatment to a health care professional. You can go to a hospital or specialist that you always control your asthma.
• If you are allergic to the material, substance or object then avoid as much as possible of certain ingredients or substances that cause allergies and bronchial asthma triggers you.

Treatment performed by doctors on the disease with bronchial asthma is the administration of drugs to reduce shortness of breath, giving medications to reduce a cough, drugs to reduce or dilute phlegm / mucus, drugs to increase endurance and antibiotics to kill the germs that cause infection or inflammation ,

Understanding Pneumonia, Care & Treatment

Pneumonia is a respiratory infection respirator wherein the causes, symptoms, signs of illness are complex and require care and treatment should be consistent and need the handling and treatment by medical experts to be the end result of pneumonia can be managed optimally.

Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs or acute parking can be said with the acute situation in the lung caused by infection or irritation of the chemicals that filled alveoli inflammatory exudate. Exudate is inflammatory extravascular fluid.

What causes pneumonia?

A major cause of pneumonia, among others:

• Bacteria or parasites that may be a fungus or virus.
• Physical materials or chemicals that can be objects of solids, gasses or liquids
• A continuation of mobile or smallpox disease and also because of the continuation of influenza
• The cause of the supporting factors or other predisposing factors such as malnutrition or malnourished, Common Cold , other serious illnesses, aspiration or choking.

Types and kinds of pneumonia

Various kinds of pneumonia, among others, are as follows:

• Bacterial pneumonia is pneumonia that is characterized by the presence of pus or intra-alveolar exudate suppurative. This type of bacteria that cause pneumonia are the type of pneumococci, streptococci (the most common cause approximately 90% of cases), staple cocci.
• Lobar pneumonia is suppurative pneumonia or inflammation of the entire lobe.
• Lobular pneumonia is pneumonia with his trademark is the spread of infection with a stained area with a diameter of 3-4 cm and the area surrounding the bronchus.
• Pneumonia virus is known as micro-plasma. Characteristic of this type of pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of inflammatory infiltrates interstitial accompanied by accumulation in the walls of the alveoli despite alveoli nyah cavity itself free of exudate.
• Aspiration pneumonia is pneumonia caused by aspiration of gastric contents.
• Hypostatic pneumonia. These types of pneumonia often arise on the basis of the lungs caused by breathing shallow and constantly being in the same position.

Symptoms and signs of pneumonia

The symptoms and signs of pneumonia are as follows:

• Body feels bad and lazy
• The advance was preceded by an infection or inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
• The body temperature rises to 30-40 degrees Celsius.
• Sometimes people feel chills.
• Patients often experience shortness of breath (stridor-breathing sounds
• Coughing and mucus
• Arising blown so badly that cyanosis (lack of oxygen conditions characterized by pale face and part termites end.

On the other investigations in patients with pneumonia will show the following results:

Laboratory tests of blood (hematology blood):

• There was an increase of leukocytes. It is caused due to inflammation and leucocytes or white blood cells multiply or increases to attack incoming germs.
• Hemoglobin or decreased blood hemoglobin. This is because oxygen is reduced so that the bond of oxygen in the blood also decreased.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

On examination of sputum / phlegm / sputum:'ll germs or bacteria that cause pneumonia.

Other investigations to ensure diagnosis pneumonia is by radiological examinations.

Care and treatment of patients with pneumonia

If you or your family suffer from pneumonia then do actions following pneumonia treatment. Pneumonia care action is intended to support measures of treatment or medical therapy performed by a doctor. The actions of care you can do to support the treatment of pneumonia, among others, are as follows:

• Perform or apply adequate rest.
• Reduce blown by way bed rest or sleep half sitting position.
• Lower fever or body temperature by means of a cold compress / ice, or you can also do by drinking anti-heat.
• Try to drink lots of you or the patient avoid dehydration or lack of fluids.
• If coughing and excessive mucus, then reduce a cough and mucus by coughing taking antihypertensive medication prescribed by the doctor.
• Diet eating and drinking adequate
• Make prevention of increased severity of infection by drinking anti-infective drugs from doctors

treatment of pneumonia

Medical treatment of pneumonia through the prescription of drugs by doctors in general are antibiotics to kill the bacteria, antipyretic to reduce the heat, drug antitussive to reduce cough, drug expectorant to thin the mucus or phlegm, drug bronchodilator to ease breathing, medication antalgic to reduce pain, as well as other drugs that are roborant or according to the symptoms and signs that arise.

Empyema treatment or PyothoraxEmpyema treatment or Pyothorax

Empyema or pyothorax is a situation where the presence of purulent exudate or pus (pus) in the pleural cavity which are caused by some sort or certain types of diseases. The cause of pyothorax or empyema can be caused by several factors, among others, as follows:

• Expansion or deployment of pneumonia
• The expansion of tuberculosis or TB
• Lung abscess or swelling that broke into the pleural cavity.
• bronchus cancer
• infection bronchiectasis

Symptoms and signs of empyema / pyothorax

To diagnose that someone is suffering from pyothorax, then some signs, and symptoms that appear in patients as follows:

• Because empyema is a complication that arises due to the expansion of other diseases that may arise signs and symptoms of primary disease that causes pyothorax
• The presence of pain in the pleural (lung). It is caused due to friction between the fluid exudates to the organ pleura.
• The pain may be reduced if the fluid exudates multiply (because of reduced friction)
• Patients will feel comfortable when sleeping on the affected part. When empyema or pleural pyothorax is on the right then the patient will feel comfortable sleeping on his side to the right.
• Feeling breathless. Shortness of breath gets worse with increasing fluid exudates pyothorax.
• Body heat or body temperature rises above normal
• Coughs
• Mucus or phlegm
• Sweating can lead to dehydration or lack of fluids.
• On auscultation, or listening through a stethoscope, there is the sound cardigan chest.
• The presence of purulent exudate fluid. This can be seen through the results of x-rays of the thorax.

Investigations in determining the diagnosis of empyema are as follows:

• In laboratory tests, the blood of patients: an increase in leukocytes, LED or increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, decreased hemoglobin
• Laboratories examination of sputum through tissue culture.
• Radiological examination through x-rays or chest x-ray to determine how big and spacious and the large exudative pleural cavity filled.
• Another inspection is to do pleural puncture o Thora Kosi son tests to determine the type of exudate from pyothorax by taking a sample or samples of exudate for culture.

Treatment of empyema / pyothorax

 

Pyothorax to treat you or the patient can do to cooperate with the doctor or go to a hospital or other health services. In general, to treat empyema doctor will prescribe the form of specific antibiotics to treat infections, drugs that are symptomatic for reducing signs and symptoms and pain that arise and roborant drugs to improve patient endurance.

Treatment at pyothorax

If you or your family suffer and diagnosed by a doctor with a diagnosis of empyema, you can perform maintenance on yourself or your family sick. The principle of patient care pyothorax are as follows:

• Get enough rest to maintain stamina and body tranquility.
• Try to always be in a room or area that is fresh, clean.
• Try to keep warm
• Reduce pain or pain in the chest. This can be done by providing a warm compress on the chest, the pain is very severe If possible you can consult with a doctor to be given anti-pain.
• If the body temperature is high and exceeds the normal limit of more than 38 degrees centigrade, immediately cut un ran your body temperature. This can be done by way of a cold compress on the forehead of the head, armpit. Antipyretics or anti-heat also can provide a solution to lower the body temperature quickly.
• Treatment of shortness of breath. Can be done by adjusting the sleeping position the patient with a half-sitting position.
• Reduces a cough and phlegm. Usually, the doctor will prescribe to reduce a cough and phlegm.
• Diet or a diet with a diet high in calories and high in protein
• Take medications as prescribed and rules of doctors
• If you've done action pleural puncture or surgery or other types of surgery to remove fluid, then you should do a post-surgical care at the hospital on a regular basis in accordance with the doctor's orders.

Is as it the care and treatment of the disease known as empyema or pyothorax. For treatment, you have to do and consult with a doctor so that treatment can proceed smoothly. For maintenance tips, you can do it yourself at home or while you are in hospital opium independently or with the help of health professionals.

Settings Food, Diet for Hypertension

In addition to the treatment of high blood pressure by a doctor, the diet or intake of foods consumed hypertensive patients can also help manage and control hypertension or high blood pressure sufferers. Hypertension is a condition where a person's blood pressure exceeds normal limits . 

Below is how the management of high blood pressure with diet or dietary arrangements for people with hypertension or high blood pressure.The pattern of setting his diet is as follows:

• The absolute low-calorie diet. This is the reason that in the obese, weight loss or BB amounting to 1 kilogram will lower the systolic pressure by 2.5 mmHg and diastolic pressure by 1.5 mmHg. With a low-calorie diet, the patient's weight is expected to be reduced.
• Restriction of salt intake or low-salt diet. The normal requirement is 10 grams of salt per day. Gradually should or needs salt intake should be lowered to 5 grams per day. It is, among others, can lower systolic pressure by 10 mmHg and diastolic pressure by 5 mmHg. Salt or salt is that it can increase blood pressure so that the blood pressure. So that person with hypertension should avoid salty foods or reduce salt in cooking.
• Avoid consumption of alcohol. Alcohol can serve as angiotensinogen or substances that are trigger tension or a person's blood pressure. Alcohol can also increase the work of the heart so that the heart work overload.
• Do activities that are regular exercise and rhythmic seen eg, brisk walking, jogging or running. With regular exercise will help you lose weight and keep the heart in shape so the heart is functioning optimally.
• Low-fat diet. Diets low in fat especially saturated fat. Why saturated fat? Because saturated fat metabolism in the body is converted into cholesterol directly. Cholesterol will disrupt blood flow to and out of the heart.

Do your hypertension management. If you mild hypertension, then you may be able to manage your hypertension without drugs by adjusting the diet and engage in regular exercise. 

Both hypertension mild, moderate or severe, you should always consult a doctor routinely and regularly can help you manage your hypertension so it can be properly controlled for optimal health.