Often we hear the word culture and ethnicity, but what exactly is the understanding of culture and ethnicity and what form of culture or cultures in everyday life? The following will discuss the understanding of cultural and ethnic or ethnicity as well as the form and a cultural component.
Ethnic understanding
Ethnic meaning or definition is a set of specific conditions Kendra or owned by a certain group of people or ethnic group. What is meant by ethnic group is a group of people or individuals who have unique social and cultural as well as down to their next generation. To note is itself different ethnic races. What is meant by race is a grouping or classification system according to the characteristics of the human being in terms of physical, pigmentation or skin color, the shape of the body, the shape of the face, hair on the body, and the shape of the head. Meanwhile, what is meant by cultural beliefs and behaviors is an inherited or taught humans to their next generation.
What is meant by culture is the whole idea and the work of man must be familiar with the study, along with the overall results and his favor. Opinions about the culture by EB Tylor said that culture is a complex whole / whole, in which there are elements of knowledge, arts, beliefs, morals, laws, customs, and other abilities from any person as a member of a particular society.
Berdsarakan Leininger cultural concept, elaborated on the cultural characteristics that can be described as follows.
- Culture is an experience that is universal or generic so that no two exactly the same culture.
- Culture has a fixed or stable nature, and also dynamic because the culture passed down to the next generation of them that so that they can change.
- Culture is filled and determined by individual groups of human life itself unnoticed.
Based on different definition or understanding of the above, can be obtained by understanding the culture.Understanding culture is the knowledge system that includes systems or ideas contained in the human mind, so that in everyday life, the culture is abstract. The embodiment of culture are items or objects created by man or individual as being cultured, in the form of behavior and objects that are real, masala behavioral patterns of certain, specific language, equipment life, social organization, belief and religion, art, and others, which are all intended to help humans in the hold of their lives in society.
Koponen or elements of Culture
In the opinion of some experts suggest that the components or elements of culture, among others, are as follows:
Culture expert named JH Melville, says that culture has four basic elements, namely technology tools, economic systems, family, and political power.
In the opinion of M. Bronislaw, mentions that the culture component consists of four key elements which include
- Norm system that enables collaboration among community members to adjust to the natural surroundings.
- economic organizations
- Tools and institutions (officers) for education (the family is the primary educational institution)
- Organizational strength (politics).
Cultural component
According to its form, the culture can be classified into two main components as follows.
The first is the material culture. All components of culture that refers to all creatures or that generated in the form of tangible or concrete. Included in material culture, among others inventions resulting from an archaeological dig as jewelry, clay bowls, weapons, and the like. Culture material also includes items such as sports stadiums, television, airplanes, clothing, washing machines and skyscrapers as well as others like.
The second is nonmaterial culture. Is a component of the culture in the form of abstract creatures that are passed from generation to generation. For example, among others, are like songs, fairy tales, or traditional dance and folklore and the like.
Existence of Culture
Based on expert named D. Oil pendant, mentioned that a form of culture can be divided into three consisting of ideas, a civitas, and artifacts.
What is meant by the idea or ideal form is a culture in the form of a collection of ideas, ideas, values, norms, regulations, and so forth that are abstract or unreal; can not be felt or touched. The manifestation of this culture lies in the head or in the nature of thought mus yarak at citizens. If the community expresses their ideas in writing, then the location of the ideal culture are in essays and books of the work of these authors.
What is meant a civitas individual or action is a manifestation of culture as an act that is patterned from individuals / people in the community? This form is sometimes called the social system. The social system is composed of a variety of human activities that interact, socialize and make contact with people or other humans according to certain patterns are based on the customary code of conduct. The character is real or concrete, which occur in everyday life, and can be observed and documented.
The definition of artifacts or works is the erupakan manifestation of physical culture in the form of the results of activities, actions, and the work of all human beings in society in the form of goods or objects or other things that can be touched, seen and documented. The nature of this culture form of artifacts is the most concrete manifestation of the three cultures.
In fact in the life of society, a form of culture that one can not be separated from the other culture form. For example, the culture from the ideal set and give direction to the action (activity) and work (artifacts) in humans.
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